Research overview: multiscale factors shaping attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves

This overview synthesises research on the social and ecological factors influencing herder attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves across the trans-Himalaya, emphasising that tolerance is shaped at multiple scales, individual, household, and village. It reviews findings that wealth, livestock holdings, recent losses, religious and cultural values, and community institutions interact to determine hostility or acceptance, and that snow leopards often attract less antagonism than wolves. The literature stresses analysing attitudes at the appropriate scale and tailoring interventions accordingly. The survey frames attitude research as essential to designing incentive and outreach programs that reflect the layered realities of high-altitude pastoralist communities living alongside large carnivores.