Research overview: leopard density and ranging in Mumbai's Sanjay Gandhi National Park

This overview synthesises camera-trap and telemetry studies estimating leopard abundance, density, and movement within Sanjay Gandhi National Park, a forested island surrounded by metropolitan Mumbai. It reviews findings of remarkably high leopard densities for such a small, urban-embedded park, nocturnal activity that minimises human contact, and home ranges that include city edges where leopards hunt dogs and pigs. The literature connects these patterns to conflict incidents, public perception, and management of a predator living beside millions of people. The survey frames SGNP as a flagship study system for understanding how big cats persist in extreme proximity to a megacity and what drives occasional attacks.