Research overview: enclosure environment and reproductive function in captive felids

The physical environment of an enclosure, including space, complexity, seclusion, and the ability to avoid disturbance, influences the reproductive function of captive cats. This overview surveys how enclosure design affects felid reproduction, with evidence that stressful or impoverished environments can suppress cycling and breeding while appropriate conditions support reproductive health. It reviews features such as vertical complexity, hiding places, and reduced human disturbance that have been associated with better reproductive outcomes, particularly in sensitive species like clouded leopards and cheetahs. The review connects enclosure design to stress physiology and welfare. Understanding the role of the enclosure environment clarifies how husbandry shapes reproductive success and why thoughtful design is integral to conservation breeding.