Research overview: wildlife crossings and connectivity planning for felids

Wildlife crossings, from large vegetated overpasses to underpasses and culverts, are a primary engineering response to the roads that fragment felid populations near cities. This overview synthesises research on crossing design, placement and monitoring, the evidence that well-sited structures reduce roadkill and restore gene flow, and species-specific needs of cats from pumas to ocelots and fishing cats. It examines the integration of crossings with fencing, approach habitat and broader connectivity planning, and landmark projects such as the major overpass built near Los Angeles. The synthesis frames crossings as a maturing, evidence-based tool central to keeping urban-edge felid populations connected and viable.