🧬 The Felid Wiki — 3,000 research summaries

This study moved camera-trap monitoring beyond single snapshots to open-population modeling, using repeated annual photographic surveys at Nagarahole to estimate survival, recruitment, and population…

K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols, N. Samba Kumar, James E. Hines · Ecology · 2006

Royle, Karanth, Gopalaswamy, and Kumar developed a Bayesian implementation of spatially explicit capture-recapture tailored to camera-trap data, using data augmentation and Markov chain Monte Carlo to…

J. Andrew Royle, K. Ullas Karanth, Arjun M. Gopalaswamy, N. Samba Kumar · Ecology · 2009

Wang and Macdonald applied camera-trap capture-recapture to tigers and leopards in the high-altitude mountains of Bhutan, documenting the surprising presence of tigers at unusually high elevations and…

Sherub Wang, David W. Macdonald · Biological Conservation · 2009

Ullas Karanth pioneered the use of camera traps to count tigers as individually identifiable animals, recognizing that each tiger's stripe pattern is a natural, permanent mark. Working in Nagarahole,…

K. Ullas Karanth · Biological Conservation · 1995

Trolle and Kery produced one of the early rigorous density estimates for ocelots, applying closed-population capture-recapture to camera-trap data from the Brazilian Pantanal. Ocelots are well suited…

Mogens Trolle, Marc Kery · Journal of Mammalogy · 2003

Karanth and Nichols extended camera-trap capture-recapture into a full density-estimation framework applied across multiple Indian reserves. They combined closed-population abundance estimates from ph…

K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols · Ecology · 1998

Karanth and colleagues applied occupancy modeling to landscape-scale tiger monitoring, using sign and detection surveys across large areas where camera-based density estimation everywhere would be imp…

K. Ullas Karanth, Arjun M. Gopalaswamy, N. Samba Kumar, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, James D. Nichols, Darryl I. MacKenzie · Journal of Applied Ecology · 2011

Gopalaswamy and colleagues released SPACECAP, free software implementing Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture specifically to make modern density estimation accessible to camera-trap practiti…

Arjun M. Gopalaswamy, J. Andrew Royle, James E. Hines, Pallavi Singh, Devcharan Jathanna, et al. · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · 2012

India conducts one of the world's largest wildlife monitoring exercises, a periodic national tiger assessment that combines landscape-scale occupancy surveys with intensive camera trapping to estimate…

Identifying individual cats from their unique stripe, spot, or rosette patterns is the cornerstone of capture-recapture, and software increasingly assists this once wholly manual task. This overview s…

Emerging deep-learning methods aim to automate not just species classification but individual identification, re-identifying specific cats from their coat patterns to build capture histories for captu…

Leopards are among the most frequently camera-trapped big cats, their rosette patterns enabling robust individual identification across an enormous range spanning Africa and Asia. This overview survey…

Camera-trap surveys aimed at tigers and leopards routinely capture a hidden bycatch of small Asian cats, marbled cat, leopard cat, golden cat, jungle cat, and others, providing rare records of poorly…

Wild cats communicate through scent-marking, spraying, scraping, cheek-rubbing, and clawing, leaving signals at conspicuous sites that they revisit, behavior that camera traps are uniquely positioned…

Where multiple cat species coexist, smaller felids often adjust their use of space and time to avoid larger, dominant competitors, and camera-trap data are a primary means of detecting these interacti…

Different cat species carry different natural marks, tiger stripes, leopard and jaguar rosettes, ocelot chains, cheetah spots, and pattern-matching software exploits these to identify individuals semi…

Closed-population capture-recapture models assume the population neither gains nor loses individuals during the survey, through births, deaths, immigration, or emigration, an assumption central to est…

Camera traps illuminate night scenes either with a bright white (xenon or LED) flash that yields full-color images or with infrared illumination that produces monochrome photos invisible to most anima…

Borchers and Efford provided the rigorous likelihood-based foundation for spatially explicit capture-recapture, formalizing how to estimate density when detectors such as camera stations have fixed lo…

David L. Borchers, Murray G. Efford · Biometrics · 2008

Otis, Burnham, White, and Anderson produced the foundational monograph on closed-population capture-recapture, defining the suite of models that allow for variation in capture probability over time, b…

David L. Otis, Kenneth P. Burnham, Gary C. White, David R. Anderson · Wildlife Monographs · 1978

Silver and colleagues adapted the tiger camera-trap framework to jaguars, whose unique rosette patterns serve as individual marks. Working in Belize and across Latin American sites, they detailed prac…

Scott C. Silver, Linde E. T. Ostro, Laura K. Marsh, Leonardo Maffei, Andrew J. Noss, et al. · Oryx · 2004

Using camera-trap density estimates of tigers alongside line-transect surveys of ungulate prey across many Asian sites, Karanth and colleagues tested whether predator density is governed by prey avail…

K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols, N. Samba Kumar, William A. Link, James E. Hines · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2004

Sunarto and colleagues used multi-scale occupancy modeling, informed by camera-trap and field detections, to investigate how Sumatran tigers respond to forest cover and human-modified landscapes inclu…

Sunarto, Marcella J. Kelly, Karmila Parakkasi, Sybille Klenzendorf, Erin Septayuda, Harry Kurniawan · PLOS ONE · 2012